ESOMEPRAZOLE | DISEASES CURED BY ESOMEPRAZOLE | COMPOSITION OF ESOMEPRAZOLE CAPSULES

ESOMEPRAZOLE 

IUPAC name of esomeprazole

5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl pyridine-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1-H-benzimidazole

Molecular formula 

C17H19N3O3S

Molecular mass

345.4g/mol

Esomeprazole (inexium paranova) belongs to the class of organic compounds known as sulfinylbenzimidazole. It is the S- enantiomer of omeprazole. Sulfinylbenzimidazole are polycyclic aromatic compounds containing a sufinyl group.  

Esomeprazole is sold as medicine under the brand name Nexium and is far more effective than its R-enantiomer omeprazole.  

 

MEDICAL USUAGE OF ESOMEPRAZOLE 

Esomeprazole belongs to the proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) class of medicine . It performs gastric proton inhibitor activity. In parietal cells, esomeprazole is protonated and converted into the active achiral sulfenamide, which makes disulphide bonds with proton pump , hydrogen-potassium adenosine triphosphate (H+/K+ ATPase), hence inhabiting the secretion H+ ions of parietal cells into the gastric lumen . This inhibition of H+ ion secretion is done in the last step of acid 

DISEASES CURED BY USING ESOMEPRAZOLE 

Esomeprazole is used to treat the following diseases. 

1. GERD( gastroesophageal reflux disease) 

It is the backward flow of acid from the stomach causes heartburn and possible injury of the esophagus in adults oldersl and children 1 year of age. It is caused when lower esophageal sphincter( LES ) relaxes too often or for too long then, the backward movement of acid into esophagus causes heartburn. If GERD is left untreated, it lead to esphagitis and Barrett’s esophagus, a pre-cancerous condition.  It’s symptoms include coughing, frequent clearing of the throat, difficulty in swallowing (dysphagia) , regurgitation of food or digestive fluids, hoarseness, or exacerbation. 

2. Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome 

It is the condition in which one or more tumors form in pancreas or the ipper part of your small intestine (duodenum).These tumors called gastrinomas secrete oarge amounts if gastrin hormone which Ultimate stimulates stomach to produce huge amount of gastric juice which Ultimately contains acid. The excessive gastric juice secretions which contains high amount of acid which then leads to pelvic ulcers,as well as diarrhea and other symptoms. 

 

3. To prevent infection caused by the usage of NSAIDs 

NSAIDs cause injury to the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract from accute or kinor lesions to such as pectechia or erosions to more serious and chronic lesions such as ulcers, which lead to bleeding or perforation. 

The infection caused by NSAIDs recover through a process called a restitution. If the damage don't penetrate muscularis mucosa,the infection can be cure in 1-3 days by proliferation and resteblishment of the glandular structures. Platelets play an important role in ulcer healing as they contain wide range of growth factors to which they deliver at the site of tissue damage. 

            

4. To cure infection by H.pylori 

Helicopterbectar pylori is a gram-negative bacterium that causes chronic infection in lower gastrointestinal tract I.e stomach and duodenum and is responsible for majority of peptic ulcers and chronic gastritis. Chronic gastritis is the inflammation of stomach lining which ultimately leads to stomach cancer. H.pylori secretes a cytotoxin A (Vac-A) which becomes the major cause of stomach cancer .

 

Qualitative and Quantitative Composition of esomeprazole 

Nexium (esomeprazole) is available for oral administration as; 

• Nexium capsules 20mg  

Each capsule contains :

Enteric-coated pellets of Esomeprazole magnesium trihydrate equivalent to Esomeprazole…..20mg

• Nexium capsules 40mg 

Each capsule contains ;

Enteric-coated pellets of esomeprazole magnesium trihydrate equivalent to esomeprazole,...40mg

GINGER | BENEFITS OF GINGER | USES OF GINGER | GINGEROL

GINGER 

Scientific name: ZINGIBER OFFICINALE 

TAXONOMIC HIERARCHY OF ZINGIBER OFFICINALE 

             Kingdom: Plantae 

               Sub kingdom: Viridiplantae 

                 Infra kingdom: Streptophyta

                   Super division: Embryophyta 

                     Division: Tracheophyta 

                       Sub division: Spermatophytina 

                         Class: Magnoliopsida

                           Super order: Lilianae 

                             Order: Zingiberales

                               Family: Zingiberaceae

                                 Genus: Zingiber 

                                   Specie: Zingiber officinale

Ginger or ginger root is a thick stem or rhizome of ZINGIBER OFFICINALE plant (a flowering plant) which is native to Southeast Asia. 

Ginger has great impacts on our health and have many medicinal uses. Before the advancements in medical science or even for now. Ginger is used as medicine and ginger tea is one the best example of its medicinal uses.

• For centuries it is used to treat common cold or flu. Because of anti-viral properties of ginger it is used to treat many infectious diseases and even cancer. 

• Ginger is also used to cure sore throat , because of its anti-inflammatory properties .

• Ginger helps to maintain a healthy gut thereby improving our immune system. 

• Ginger have also positive effects on ailments like obesity, heart diseases, diabetes and cancer because of its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.  

[ HOW DO GINGER EFFECTS VARIOUS PHENOMENAS IN HUMAN BODY / HOW DO GINGER HELP TO CURE DIFFERENT DISEASES AND IMPROVE MANY OF REGULAR METABOLIC PROCESSES IN HIMANS ]

• Ginger is packed with GINGEROLS, PARADOLS, SESQUITERPENES, SHOGAOLS AND ZINGORENE . Due to these compounds ginger has high contents of heat and energy. In ginger, GINGEROL is the major bioactive substance, a relative of capsaicin.

GINGEROL:

Gingerols are oily liquids in appearance. These are the phenolic compounds present in ginger. 

CHEMICAL STRUCTUR OF GINGEROL 

Due to the presence of beta-hydroxy ketones group, gingerols are highly THERMOLABILE and undergo dehydration readily (to form shogaols) .

Gingerols are anti-inflammatory and antioxidant in nature. Due to gingerols, the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of ginger are ranked at first ti boost immune system. Gingerols are majorly found in roots of the plant ( Zingibe officinale ). So, fresh roots of ginger is an efficient way to get rid of diseases like nausea, gut impairment like diarrhoea, diabetes and many viral diseases and even cancer. 

As, ginger has anti-cancerous characteristics because of gingreol, therefore ginger prevents the formation of tumors in small intestine , and this activity is also suppressed by gingerol.

• Ginger has a vital role in destroying free radicals produced in the body during various metabolic process, combating diseases or infections and detoxifying inhaled toxins. Antioxidants in ginger destroy these free radicals and make us free from diseases like cancer and many degenerative diseases like arthritis and neurodegenerative diseases, also slows down the aging process (due to removal of free radicals ).

• Ginger has proven antibacterial and antiviral properties. A review, published in the INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, researchers summarized that the most efficient anti-inflammatory properties. Ginger which are in its roots have key powers to combat with cold and flu. Because cold/flu can cause swollen throat glands i.e inflammation and inflammation badly suppresses the normal immune response of our body. So, the anti-inflammatory substances of ginger in this condition help to decrease inflammation and enhance immunity.

• Ginger has also anti-cancerous properties. 

• The high content of fibers in ginger also helps to lose weight and maintain a healthy gut. As, healthy gut is an assurance of a healthy mind and body.